Development — Questions & Answers

Sample questions from Development

1. Q1. A landless rural labourer and a large farmer are likely to have:

   • A.Exactly the same developmental goals
   • B.Different, and sometimes conflicting, developmental goals✓
   • C.No goals at all
   • D.Goals set by the labourer alone
   Solution

   Different people have different goals, and these can even conflict: for example, a landless labourer may want more days of work and higher wages, while a large farmer may want cheap labour, so what is development for one may not be for the other.

2. Q2. Why does the chapter argue that criteria for comparison should be relevant to what is being compared, using the example of comparing two students by height versus by academic performance?

   • A.Because height is always the correct way to compare students
   • B.Because the right comparison criterion depends on the purpose of the comparison✓
   • C.Because all comparisons must use only one universal criterion
   • D.Because academic performance can never be measured
   Solution

   B is correct — the chapter uses this example to show that comparison criteria should suit the purpose, before applying the same logic to comparing countries by income. A wrongly turns one example to a universal rule. D is not claimed anywhere. C contradicts the chapter's actual point about criteria varying by purpose.

3. Q3. Which international organisation uses per capita income as its main criterion for classifying countries in the World Development Report?

   • A.World Health Organisation
   • B.International Monetary Fund
   • C.United Nations Development Programme
   • D.World Bank✓
   Solution

   D is correct — the World Bank publishes the World Development Report using per capita income. C is the organisation that instead uses the broader Human Development Index, the classic mix-up in this chapter. A and B are not the source of this classification in the chapter.

4. Q4. Which of the following best explains why Kerala has a much lower Infant Mortality Rate than Haryana despite a lower per capita income?

   • A.Kerala has strong public health facilities and nutritional support systems like the PDS✓
   • B.Kerala has a smaller population, so fewer children are born there
   • C.Haryana does not allow private hospitals to operate
   • D.Kerala's climate naturally prevents infant illness
   Solution

   A is correct and is the chapter's actual explanation, centred on public facilities. B confuses population size with a health outcome rate, which is not affected by population size. C and D are not claims made anywhere in the chapter.

5. Q5. Different persons can have different developmental goals mainly because:

   • A.Everyone wants exactly the same things
   • B.People have different needs, situations and aspirations✓
   • C.Development means only more income
   • D.Goals are fixed by the government
   Solution

   Different people have different developmental goals because their needs, circumstances and aspirations differ; what is development for one may not be development, and may even be destructive, for another.

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